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IPO Exam 2019: Current Affairs Questions and Answers - October 2018 (II)


51)Reserve Bank announced injection of liquidity worth _____ rupees into the system through purchase of government bonds, under Open Market Operations, on October 11, 2018?
1)  Rs 12,000 crore
2)  Rs 55,000 crore
3)  Rs 45,000 crore

4)  Rs 32,000 crore
5)  None of these

Answer – 1) Rs 12,000 crore
Explanation:

On October 10, 2018, Reserve Bank announced injection of liquidity worth Rs 12,000 crore into the system through purchase of government bonds on October 11 under Open Market Operations. The government will purchase bonds with maturity ranging between 2020 to 2030. As part of the OMOs, the purchase of government securities maturing will bear interest rate of:

  8.27 per cent in 2020,
  8.15 per cent in 2022,
  7.35 per cent in 2024,
  8.15 per cent in 2026 and
  7.61 per cent in 2030.

52)Which bank signed a 3 year MOU with Kathmandu-based National Banking Institute (NBI) for development of human resources, on 10th October 2018?
1)  State Bank of India (SBI)
2)  Axis Bank
3)  ICICI Bank
4)  HDFC Bank
5)  None of these

Answer – 1) State Bank of India (SBI)
Explanation:

On October 10, 2018, State Bank of India signed a 3 year MOU with Kathmandu-based National Banking Institute (NBI) for development of human resources. Under the MOU, SBI will help establish a mutually beneficial strategic alliance for NBI’s human resources development by providing education, training and research.

53)Who was appointed as the Solicitor General of India by the central government, on 10th October 2018?

1)  Ranjit Kumar
2)  Tushar Mehta

3)  Kunal Singh
4)  Vasuki Soni
5)  None of these

Answer – 2) Tushar Mehta
Explanation:

On 10th October 2018, Additional Solicitor General (ASG) Tushar Mehta was appointed as the Solicitor General of India by the central government. Tushar Mehta replaces Ranjit Kumar. The post had been lying vacant since October 20, 2017. Appointment Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has approved his appointment for a period till June 30, 2020. Tushar Mehta became Additional Solicitor General (ASG) in 2014. Solicitor General is a legal officer who represents a state or central government in legal proceedings.

54)Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) signed a MoU with which institute in Jammu to set up Satish Dhawan Center for Space Science in the University campus, on 11th October 2018?
1)  Central University of Jammu (CUJ)
2)  Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi

3)  Indian Institute of Meteorology (IIM)
4)  Indian Institute of Sciences (IISc)
5)  None of these

Answer – 1) Central University of Jammu (CUJ)
Explanation:

On October 11, 2018, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) signed an MoU with the Central University of Jammu (CUJ) in Jammu to set up Satish Dhawan Center for Space Science, a Space Applications Centre in the University campus. It is the first of its kind institute coming up in Jammu and Kashmir and the building is proposed in an area of about 1,150 sq. m. This will help in various fields like disaster management, health, education, communication, weather forecasting, land use planning, etc. Considering the recurring natural calamities, the area can be easily monitored from space through remote sensing.

55)Indian Footwear, Leather & Accessories Development Programme (IFLADP) with approved expenditure of _____ rupees for 2017-20, will be implemented as part of special package for generation of employment in leather and footwear sector?
1)  Rs 2600 Crore
2)  Rs 5689 Crore
3)  Rs 4566 Crore
4)  Rs 6888 Crore
5)  None of these

Answer – 1) Rs 2600 Crore
Explanation:

Central Government has approved a special package for generation of employment in leather and footwear sector. The package consist of implementation of Central Sector Scheme – Indian Footwear, Leather & Accessories Development Programme (IFLADP) with approved expenditure of Rs. 2600 Crore for 2017-20. This scheme aims to develop infrastructure and address environmental issues related to leather sector, help with additional investments, generate employment and increase production. Under IFLADP 4 projects worth 107.33 crore have been approved in Tamil Nadu by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). DIPP has also approved mega leather cluster at Bantala in West Bengal.

56)Where is the 32nd edition of India – Indonesia coordinated patrol (IND-INDO CORPAT) held from 11 –
27 Oct 2018?

1)  Belawan harbour, Indonesia
2)  Odisha Port, India
3)  Mumbai Port, India
4)  Java, India
5)  None of these

Answer – 1) Belawan harbour, Indonesia
Explanation:

On October 11, 2018, Indian navy ship and aircraft joined in for the 16-day 32nd edition of India – Indonesia coordinated patrol (IND-INDO CORPAT) held from 11 – 27 Oct 2018 in Belawan harbour, Indonesia. The Indian side is represented by: Indian Naval Ship Kulish, a Kora class missile corvette, commanded by Commander Deepak Bali and Indian Dornier (naval maritime time patrol aircraft) from Andaman and Nicobar command. The Indian delegation is led by Commodore Ashutosh Ridhorkar, Naval Component Commander, Andaman and Nicobar Command. Under CORPAT, both the countries would undertake patrolling on the respective sides of 236 nautical miles long International Maritime Boundary Line. It would be conducted in three phases: From 14 – 24 Oct 2018 followed by a closing ceremony at Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Island, scheduled from 25 – 26 Oct 2018.

57)Name the MD and CEO of Bank of Baroda who was given a one year extension by the government on 12th October 2018?
1)  PS Jayakumar
2)  Mahesh Kumar Jain
3)  PJ George
4)  R Gandhi
5)  None of these
Answer – 1) PS Jayakumar
Explanation:

October 12, 2018, Bank of Baroda’s Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer, PS Jayakumar got a one-year extension on his role by the government. This is effective from October 12, 2018. This was due to the amalgamation between Bank of Baroda (BoB), Dena Bank and Vijaya Bank, where the government wants to keep the top management intact. BoB is the largest of the three banks that are getting consolidated. Prior to this, he was the MD & CEO of VBHC Value Home Pvt Ltd till August 2015.

58)Finance Ministry increased interest rates for non-governmental provident funds, gratuity and superannuation to _____ % from existing 7.6 %, on 13th October 2018?
1)  8 %
2)  8.5 %
3)  7.9 %

4)  8.7 %

5)  None of these Answer – 1) 8 %

Explanation:

On October 13, 2018, the Finance Ministry increased interest rates for non-governmental provident funds, gratuity and superannuation to 8 percent from existing 7.6 percent. Also, the interest rates for small savings schemes has been hiked by 40 basis points. These include: Public Provident Fund (PPF), Sukanya Samriddhi Scheme, National Savings Certificate and post office time deposits. The changes are effective from October 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, for the 3rd quarter.

59)Where was “The Indian Ocean: Defining our Future” Conference held on October 11 and 12, 2018?

1)  New Delhi, India
2)  Colombo, Sri Lanka
3)  Dhaka, Bangladesh
4)  Jakarta, Indonesia

5)  None of these

Answer – 2) Colombo, Sri Lanka
Explanation:

On October 11, 2018, “The Indian Ocean: Defining our Future” Conference was held for 2 days till October 12, 2018 held at Temple Trees, in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is aimed to explore strongest challenges in the Indian Ocean region. It was organized by the Office of the Prime Minister, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute in collaboration with the Global Maritime Crime Programme of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The inaugural address of the Conference was delivered by President Maithripala Sirisena while Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe delivered the keynote address. Also, the UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for the Ocean, Ambassador Peter Thomson addressed the inaugural session.

60)Which Indian state won the United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Organisation’s (FAO) Future Policy Gold Award for its achievement in becoming the world’s first totally organic agriculture state, on 12th October 2018?
1)  Meghalaya
2)  Kerala
3)  Sikkim
4)  Himachal Pradesh

5)  None of these Answer – 3) Sikkim

Explanation:

On 12th October 2018, Sikkim won the United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Organisation’s (FAO) Future Policy GoldAward for its achievement in becoming the world’s first totally organic agriculture state. The award is nicknamed the “Oscar for best policies”. It is co-organised by FAO, the World Future Council (WFC) and International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM – Organics International). Brazil, Denmark, Quito and Ecuador received the Silver award. Sikkim has completely banned the sale and use of chemical pesticides. With this transition to organic farming, the tourism sector has benefited with the number of visitors increasing by more than 50 % between 2014 and 2017.

61)Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine Board (SMVDSB) has approved to enhance free accident insurance cover provided to pilgrims visiting Vaishno Devi shrine. Where is Vaishno Devi shrine located?
1)  Himachal Pradesh
2)  Meghalaya
3)  Uttar Pradesh
4)  Jammu and Kashmir
5)  None of these
Answer – 4) Jammu and Kashmir
Explanation:

On October 15, 2018, the Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine Board (SMVDSB), in its 63rd meeting, approved to enhance free accident insurance cover provided to pilgrims visiting Vaishno Devi shrine in Jammu and Kashmir. The decision was taken at the Raj Bhavan in Srinagar under the chairmanship of J&K Governor and chairman of SMVDSB, Satya Pal Malik. Under this, the accidental cover extended to each pilgrim free of cost has been enhanced to Rs 5 lakh from Rs 3 lakh, after 8 years. This will be available to pilgrims, who avail the services of the upcoming Passenger Ropeway between Bhawan and Bhairon Ghati. The premium on providing insurance cover to the pilgrims will be borne by the Shrine Board.

62)India has been elected to United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) for a period of how many years starting from January 1, 2019?
1)  5
2)  4
3)  3
4)  6

5)  None of these Answer – 3) 3

Explanation:

On October 13, 2018, India was elected to the United Nations’ top human rights body, UNHRC for a period of three years. The elections were conducted by UN General Assembly. This period would commence from January 1, 2019. India got 188 votes out of 193, the highest number of votes among all candidates. Along with India, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Fiji and Philippines were also selected for 5 seats in the Asia Pacific category. It is a part of the 18 new members elected in the UN Human Rights Council.

63)Name the new artificial intelligence-enabled chat bot launched by Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) on 13th October 2018?
1)  Ask Disha
2)  Ask Rashmi
3)  Rail Neo
4)  Rail Seva

5)  None of these Answer – 1) Ask Disha

Explanation:

On October 13, 2018, Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) launched ‘Ask Disha’, the new artificial intelligence-enabled chat bot. This was launched on its e-ticketing website, irctc.co.in. and is a first-of-its-kind initiative for any Indian government website. It has been jointly developed by IRCTC and CoRover Private Limited, a Bangalore-based startup. It will be integrated in IRCTC Rail Connect Android app and will be voice-enabled soon. It can be used by Indian Railways passengers to get their questions answered through the chat bot. It also has auto suggestion options for the customer.

64)Who has been appointed the Chairperson of National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) for a term of 3 years?
1)  Shashi Rekha
2)  Priyank Kanoongo
3)  Stuti Kacker

4)  Biju Menon
5)  None of these

Answer – 2) Priyank Kanoongo
Explanation:

Priyank Kanoongo has been appointed the Chairperson of National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)by the appointments committee of the cabinet for a term of 3 years. Priyank Kanoongo will be the 5th Chairperson of NCPCR. He replaces Stuti Kacker, whose tenure ended on September 16, 2018. Priyank Kanoongo has been member of NCPCR since November 2015. His tenure as member is about to end. He hails from Madhya Pradesh. He is a graduate in science. He was assigned to work on education when he was appointed member of NCPCR.

65)Name the person who was appointed Director-General of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), on 15th October 2018?
1)  Sanjay Misra
2)  Shekhar C. Mande
3)  Siddharth Jain
4)  Raghav Nagpal
5)  None of these

Answer – 2) Shekhar C. Mande
Explanation:

On October 15, 2018, India’s leading expert in DNA fingerprinting and diagnostics, 56-year-old, Shekhar C. Mande was appointed Director-General of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). He will serve as secretary, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and head 38 labs of CSIR. He replaced biotechnologist Girish Sahni, who retired on 31 August. He is currently director at the National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune. He is the vice-president of Vijnana Bharati, a widely-known science outreach organisation. He is also a life member of the Indian Crystallographic Association, and is chairman at the National Committee for the International Union of Crystallography.

66)Which state launched ‘Khadya Sathi’ scheme to ensure food security to more than 8.5 crore people of the state, on the occasion of World Food Day, on 16th October 2018?
1)  Telangana
2)  Gujarat
3)  West Bengal
4)  Uttarakhand
5)  None of these

Answer – 3) West Bengal
Explanation:

On October 16, 2018, West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, on the occasion of World Food Day, launched ‘Khadya Sathi’ scheme. This would ensure food security to more than 8.5 crore people of the state. Special assistance will be given to the people of Jangalmahal and Hill areas besides Aila-affected areas and farmers of Singur, tea garden workers as well as the Toto tribe.

67)Uttar Pradesh cabinet decided to change the name of Allahabad city to _____, on 15th October 2018?

1)  Rajghat
2)  Prayagraj
3)  Amarkunj
4)  Vistara

5)  None of these Answer – 2) Prayagraj

Explanation:

On October 15, 2018, Uttar Pradesh cabinet decided to change the name of Allahabad city to Prayagraj. It was announced by the state Health Minister Siddharth Nath Singh. It was renamed after proposal to do so ahead of 2019 Kumbh Mela during Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath’s trip to Allahabad.

68)RBI has laid down norms for the efficient functioning of Central Counterparties (CCPs), as per which, an applicant seeking authorisation as a CCP should have a minimum net worth of _____ rupees at the time of submitting its application?
1)  Rs 300 crore
2)  Rs 100 crore
3)  Rs 500 crore
4)  Rs 200 crore
5)  None of these
Answer – 1) Rs 300 crore
Explanation:

On October 16, 2018, RBI laid down norms for the efficient functioning of Central Counterparties (CCPs). These norms provide framework for guaranteed settlement services in the markets offered by them and lessen counterparty risks. An applicant seeking authorisation/recognition as a CCP should have a minimum net worth of Rs 300 crore at the time of submitting its application. This would be reviewed by RBI from time to time and at times RBI may increase the net worth. It must maintain effective written organisational and administrative arrangements so as to avoid potential conflicts of interest between itself and its members.

69)Name the campaign launched by Government of India to create awareness about Safe Food, on the Occasion of the World Food Day, on 16th October 2018?
1)  Swastha Bharat Yatra
2)  Swacch Bharat Yatra
3)  Safe Food Better Life
4)  Food Safety Campaign

5)  None of these

Answer – 1) Swastha Bharat Yatra
Explanation:

On 16th October,On the Occasion of the World Food Day, Government of India Launched a Campaign named
“Swastha Bharat Yatra” to create awareness about Safe Food. The Government gives an annual subsidy of about
Rs.2 Lakh crore with public Distribution System and through other welfare Schemes in order to make available of
foods to all the people. The Campaign is Launched by Central Governmnet association with the State Government
and it is led by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). The ‘Swasth Bharat Yatra’ is launched
simultaneously at Leh(in Jammu &
Kashmir),Panaji(Goa),Thiruvananthapuram(Kerala),Puducherry,Ranji(Jharkhand) and Agartala(Tripura). Around
7500 Cyclists are to be participated in over 18000 Km relay cycle across the states and UT for 100 days from
October 16 to January 27.

70)What is the rank of India among 140 countries, in the World Economic Forum (WEF)’s Index on Most Competitive Economy for 2018?
1)  45
2)  125
3)  111
4)  58

5)  None of these Answer – 4) 58

Explanation:

On 17th October,World Economic Forum(WEF) released the Index on Most Competitive Economy for 2018,in which India ranked 58th out of 140 Countries.India jumped 5 places from 2017. India Scored 62.0 in the latest Global Competitiveness Index.This is the largest gain among all G20 economies. US topped the Index,Singapore and Germany followed it. China Ranked at the 28th Position with a score of 72.6 among the BRICS Countries,Russia ranked 43rd Position with a score of 65.6,South Africa with a score of 60.8 ranked 67th Position and Brazil ranked with 72nd Position with a score 59.5. The Country is ranked on the following factor: Institutions, Infrastructure; Technological readiness; Macroeconomic context; Health; Education and skills; Product market; Labour market; Financial system; Market size; Business dynamism; and Innovation.

71)Name the author who will be conferred the 2018 Hridaynath Award for Lifetime Achievement, on October 26, 2018 in Mumbai?
1)  Ramdev Palikhar
2)  Mohammed Zahur Khayyam Hashmi
3)  Vasudev Ramji
4)  Parthik Saini
5)  None of these
Answer – 2) Mohammed Zahur Khayyam Hashmi
Explanation:

On 15th October 2018, music director Mohammed Zahur Khayyam Hashmi known as ‘Khayyam’, was named for 2018 Hridaynath Award for Lifetime Achievement. The award consists of a cash prize of Rs 100,000 and a memento. It will be presented by Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis at a ceremony on October 26, 2018 in Mumbai. Khayyam is a music composer, lyricist and writer. He is 91 years old. He started his music career in Ludhiana in 1943. He has received Padma Bhushan, National Award, Filmfare Award, etc. In 2016, along with his wife Jagjit Kaur he started the ‘Khayyam-Jagjit Kaur KPG Charitable Trust’.

72)Who won the International Olympic Committee’s Sport and Active Society Commission’s Grant Award for his contribution to sports for development in Buenos Aires, Argentina?
1)  Sunil Chhetri
2)  Suheil F. Tandon
3)  Samir Khan
4)  Farhan Quereshi
5)  None of these
Answer – 2) Suheil F. Tandon
Explanation:

Suheil F. Tandon has won the International Olympic Committee’s Sport and Active Society Commission’s Grant Award for his contribution to sports for development. Suheil F. Tandon is a social Entrepreneur. He is the Founder of Pro Sport Development (PSD) and Executive Director of Martha Farrell Foundation. International Olympic Committee (IOC) redistributes more than 90 % of its income to the wider sporting movement, to help athletes and sports organisations throughout the world. These grants are worth USD 25,000 each. They are awarded to grassroots organisations conducting effective sport for all programmes in various parts of the world.

73)Where did Union Minister for Minority Affairs Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi unfurl India’s highest tricolor flag, on 17thOctober 2018?
1)  Kolkata
2)  Hyderabad
3)  Mumbai
4)  New Delhi

5)  None of these Answer – 3) Mumbai

Explanation:

On October 17, 2018, Union Minister for Minority Affairs Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi unfurled India’s highest tricolor flag at the majestic Haj House in Mumbai. The flag is 20×30 feet in dimensions and stands 350 feet above the ground. It is atop a 20-metre high mast on top of the iconic building near the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT) in south Mumbai. This makes it the highest tricolour installed on the terrace of any building of such height in the country. This flag has been manufactured by Flag Company. The minister also inaugurated a special ‘viewers gallery’ atop the Haj House to overlook the gems of Mumbai. He also announced the schedule of Haj 2019 which will be 100 per cent subsidy free.

74)Shahi litchi of which state got the 4th Geographical Indication (GI) tag, on 18th October 2018?

1)  Bihar
2)  Assam
3)  Himachal Pradesh

4)  Jammu and Kashmir

5)   None of these Answer – 1) Bihar
Explanation:

On October 18, 2018, the famous Shahi litchi of North Bihar has got the 4th Geographical Indication (GI) tag. Earlier, Jardalu mango, Katarni rice and Magahi paan from the state got the GI tag. Shahi Litchi is mainly cultivated in Muzaffarpur, Samastipur, Vaishali, East Champaran and Begusarai. The GI registration was done in the name of Litchi Growers Association of Bihar, which had applied for the tag. Bihar produces 40 per cent of the litchi grown in the country on 38 per cent of the area.

75)Which state approved extension of the enhanced 50 % reservation for women to the office of the chairperson of panchayat samitis and zila parishads, on 18th October 2018?
1)  Madhya Pradesh
2)  Haryana
3)  Kerala
4)  Punjab

5)  None of these Answer – 4) Punjab

Explanation:

On October 18, 2018, the Punjab Cabinet chaired by Chief Minister Capt Amarinder Singh, approved extension of the enhanced 50 per cent reservation for women the office of the chairperson of panchayat samitis and zila parishads. Earlier,the reservation for women in these bodies are 33%.The government has amended:

• The Punjab Panchayati Raj Act, 1994 and

• The Punjab Reservation for Office of Sarpanches and Gram Panchayats and Chairmen and Vice Chairmen of Panchayat Samitis and Zila Parishad Rules, 1994.

76)Which country celebrated the festival of Fulpati, on the seventh day of 10-day long Dashain festival, on 16thOctober 2018?
1)  Sri Lanka
2)  Nepal
3)  Bangladesh
4)  Myanmar
5)  None of these
Answer – 2) Nepal
Explanation:

On October 16, 2018, Nepal celebrated the festival of Fulpati. In Nepalese, “Phool” means flower and “Pati” means leaves and plants. It is observed on the seventh day of Dashain festival. The tradition in Nepal is to bring nine types of Fulpati into the home on the seventh day of Navaratri. More than 21 lakh people have left Kathmandu valley to celebrate Dashain at their native places with family, relatives and friends. The main function was held at Basantpur Durbar Square in Kathmandu, where Fulpati was brought to Dashainghar from Jamal in a traditional procession with Vedic rituals.

77)What is the trade name of the innovative technology for “Drinking Water Disinfection System” launched by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow?
1)  SafeWater
2)  OneerTM
3)  WaterPlus
4)  PureAquaTM

5)  None of these Answer – 2) OneerTM

Explanation:

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, has developed an innovative technology for “Drinking Water Disinfection System” with the trade name “OneerTM”. The “OneerTM” technology was transferred to M/s Bluebird Water Purifiers, New Delhi, on 17th October 2018. It will be used in continuous treatment of water and will eliminate disease causing pathogens like virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and cyst. It will provide safe drinking water to domestic use and communities as per National and International standards for potable water (BIS, WHO etc.).

78)Name the author of the book “Brief Answers to the Big Questions” that was released on 18th October 2018?
1)  Stephen Hawking
2)  Paul Freeman
3)  Courtney Huber
4)  Susan Phylis
5)  None of these
Answer – 1) Stephen Hawking
Explanation:

On October 18, 2018, Stephen Hawking’s final work “Brief Answers to the Big Questions” was launched. It has been completed by the theoretical physicist’s family and academic colleagues, with material drawn from his vast personal archive. It tackles various issues including existence of God, potential time travel and human intelligence during the next 100 years.

79)Which state has become the first state in India to have 100% penetration of LPG in public sector oil companies?
1)  Maharashtra
2)  Andhra Pradesh
3)  Tamil Nadu
4)  Kerala

5)  None of these Answer – 4) Kerala
Explanation:

On October 18, 2018, Kerala became the first state in the country to have 100% penetration of LPG in public sector oil companies. With three bottling plants at Kochi, Kozhikode, and Kollam, LPG is being brought to 49.79 lakh customers through 308 distributors. The Indian Oil is also prepared to provide with new generation fuels like CNG and other green fuels. Indian Oil has 50% of the market share with the remaining being shared by HPCL and BPCL.

80)Which state celebrated its 3rd Bihu festival known as the ‘Kati Bihu’ on 18th October 2018?

1)  Bihar
2)  Assam
3)  Gujarat
4)  Odisha

5)  None of these Answer – 2) Assam

Explanation:

On October 18, 2018, Assam celebrated its 3rd Bihu festival known as the ‘Kati Bihu’ festival across the state. The name of the other 2 Bihu festivals are: Rongali and Bohagi Bihu. The festival derives its name from the Assamese month of Kati. The festival is held at this time of the year since the granaries of the farmers usually remain empty and therefore it is known as Kongali (poor) Bihu. On the occasion of Kati Bihu, women, both in urban and rural areas, try to ward off evil and pray for a rich harvest by lighting earthen lamps.

81)Which country is planning to launch its own ‘artificial moon’ by 2020 to replace streetlamps and lower electricity costs in urban areas?
1)  Japan
2)  United States
3)  China
4)  Russia

5)  None of these Answer – 3) China

Explanation:

China is planning to launch its own ‘artificial moon’ by 2020 to replace streetlamps and lower electricity costs in urban areas. Chengdu, a city in southwestern Sichuan province, is developing “illumination satellites” which will shine in tandem with the real moon, but are eight times brighter. The first man-made moon will launch from Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan, with three more to follow in 2022 if the first test goes well.

82)Where will India’s first railway station inside tunnel named Keylong station be set up?

1)  Nagaland
2)  Meghalaya
3)  Himachal Pradesh
4)  Arunachal Pradesh
5)  None of these
Answer – 3) Himachal Pradesh
Explanation:

On October 20, 2018, India for the first time announced a railway station named, the Keylong station, to be built inside a tunnel at a height of 3,000 metres in Himachal Pradesh. This will be built along the Bilaspur-Manali-Leh line close to the Sino-India border. The station will be at a height of around 3,000 metres and will be inside a 27-km-long tunnel. It will connect all important locations between Bilaspur and Leh like Sundernagar, Mandi, Manali, Keylong, Koksar, Darcha, Upshi and Karu and other towns of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. After completion, the line will halve the duration taken to cover the distance between Delhi and Leh, from 40 hours to 20 hours.

83)India’s first ever passenger cruise ship ’Angriya’ was launched between Goa and which city on 20th October 2018?
1)  Mangalore
2)  Mumbai
3)  Bengaluru
4)  Hyderabad

5)  None of these Answer – 2) Mumbai

Explanation:

On October 20, 2018, to develop Cruise Tourism in the country, India’s first ever passenger cruise ship was launched between Mumbai and Goa. It was launched by Union Shipping, Ports and Road Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari in Mumbai. It is a joint venture between Mumbai Port Trust and Angriya Sea Eagle Pvt Ltd. The cruise ship Angriya has been named after first Maratha Navy Admiral Kanhoji Angre and the great Angria bank coral reef near Vijaydurg, Maharashtra.

84)India’s longest river bridge will be built across which river, connecting Dhubri in Assam to Phulbari in Meghalaya, by 2026-27?
1)  Brahmaputra
2)  Ganga
3)  Yamuna
4)  Chenab
5)  None of these
Answer – 1) Brahmaputra
Explanation:

On October 21, 2018, it was announced that India’s longest river bridge will be built across the Brahmaputra, connecting Dhubri in Assamto Phulbari in Meghalaya, by 2026-27. It will be a 19.3 km, four-lane bridge that will cut road travel by 203 km. The new bridge will complete the missing link of NH127B from Assam to Meghalaya. The bridge will also improve connectivity from West Bengal to Assam. For the project, the National Highways and Industrial Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL), recently reached out to global players in France.

85)State Bank of India (SBI) has become the first bank to introduce wealth business services for its customers in the name of _____?
1)  Health & Wealth
2)  SBI Health
3)  Health for All
4)  SBI Wealth Hub
5)  None of these
Answer – 4) SBI Wealth Hub
Explanation:

On October 20,2018 State Bank of India has launched “SBI Wealth Hub”.SBI is the first bank to introduce wealth business services for its customers. The wealth hub was launched by SBI Chairman Rajnish Kumar. The bank has
also launched Wealth Business services for NRIs and is in the process of setting of a state-of-the-art global e-Wealth centre at Kochi.

86)United Nations backed Green Climate Fund has approved _____ dollars for supporting climate resilience of millions of people living in the coastal states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Odisha?
1)  USD 52.5 million
2)  USD 43.4 million
3)  USD 63.8 million

4)  USD 72.7 million
5)  None of these

Answer – 2) USD 43.4 million
Explanation:

On October 22 2018 UN-backed fund has approved USD 43.4 million for supporting climate resilience of millions of people living in the coastal states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Odisha of India to combat extreme impacts of climate change during the 21st meeting of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board at Manama, Bahrain. The new project will be supported through the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and is an essential step for India in reaching its goals outlined in the Paris Agreement and 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Government of India will finance an additional US$86.8 million toward the new project to mainstream and accelerate the impacts of the Green Climate Fund grant.

87)Where was the 4-day international dance festival titled “Udbhav Utsav” inaugurated by Uzbekistan Ambassador to India Farhod Arziev, on 21st October 2018?
1)  Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh
2)  Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
3)  Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir
4)  Cuttack, Odisha
5)  None of these

Answer – 1) Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh
Explanation:

On 21st October 2018, Uzbekistan Ambassador to India Farhod Arziev inaugurated a 4-day international dance festival titled “Udbhav Utsav” in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. This dance festival is sponsored by the Greenwood group of schools. This is the 15th year for this festival. The inaugural session was held in Jiwaji Club, Gwalior. Dance troupes from Bulgaria, Turkey and Sri Lanka, and 25 teams from India, will participate. Keshav Pandey is the organising committee president.

88)‘Druzhba-III’, the 3rd edition of joint bilateral military training exercise between Pakistan and which country is held from 22nd October to 4th November 2018, in Pakistan?
1)  China
2)  Russia
3)  Bangladesh
4)  Afghanistan

5)  None of these Answer – 2) Russia

Explanation:

From 22nd October to 4th November 2018, ‘Druzhba-III’, the 3rd edition of joint bilateral military training exercise between Pakistan and Russia is held in Pakistan. The exercise will be held at the training range in Nowshera district of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, in Pakistan. More than 70 soldiers from Russia’s southern military district will participate. This will be the 3rd joint military drill between Pakistan and Russia under the bilateral training cooperation agreement. This exercise is held since 2016. Armed forces from both the countries will perform tasks at an altitude of 1,400 meters above sea level. In August 2018, an agreement was signed allowing Pakistani troops to train in Russia. It was signed during the 1st Russia-Pakistan Joint Military Consultative Committee (JMCC) meeting on security and defence.

89)Name the QR-based smartphone payment service launched by Paytm in Japan in collaboration with SoftBank and Yahoo Japan Corporation, on 22nd October 2018?
1)  PayPay
2)  PaytmScan
3)  CodePay
4)  Scan n Pay

5)  None of these Answer – 1) PayPay
Explanation:

On October 22 2018 Paytm, run by One 97 Communications Ltd has launched a QR-based smartphone payment service called ’PayPay’ in Japan in collaboration with SoftBank and Yahoo Japan Corporation. PayPay allows users to store money from a bank account in their “PayPay” wallet and aims to promote the use of cashless payment in Japan.Japan accounts for only 20% of overall cashless transactions in the country. Yahoo Japan will terminate its current smartphone settlement function “Yahoo! Wallet” with the launch of payment service called “PayPay”.

90)Indian player Praveen Kumar announced his retirement from which sport on 20th October 2018?

1)  Hockey
2)  Badminton
3)  Tennis
4)  Cricket

5)  None of these Answer – 4) Cricket
Explanation:

On 20th October 2018, Indian pacer Praveen Kumar announced his retirement from all forms of cricket. Praveen Kumar is 32 years old. He hails from Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. He represented India in 84 international matches between 2007 and 2012 and gained 112 wickets in Tests, One Day Internationals (ODIs) and Twenty20 International (T20I). He made his ODI debut in 2007. He is known for his ability to swing the ball in both ways. He also played for Kings XI Punjab, Royal Challengers Bangalore, Sunrisers Hyderabad, and Gujarat Lions teams in the Indian Premier League (IPL) tournament. He took 90 wickets in 119 matches. He played a major role in India’s title win in the Commonwealth Bank ODI tri-series in Australia in 2008. He is also India’s highest wicket-taker on England tour in 2011, where he took 15 wickets in 3 Tests.

91)India signed a MoU with which country for the appointment of a private Port Operator for the Operation and Maintenance of Sittwe Port, on 22nd October 2018?
1)  Myanmar
2)  Bangladesh
3)  Sri Lanka
4)  China

5)  None of these Answer – 1) Myanmar

Explanation:

On 22nd October 2018, India and Myanmar signed a MoU for the appointment of a private Port Operator for the Operation and Maintenance of Sittwe Port, Paletwa Inland Water Terminal and associated facilities included in the Kaladan Multi Model Transit Transport Project in implementation of India’s Act East Policy. The MoU was signed by Vijay Gokhale, Foreign Secretary, India, and U Win Khant, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Transport and Communications, Myanmar. Once operations commence at this port, it will provide new infrastructure for trade between India and Myanmar. It will enhance job opportunities and development in the entire region, mainly in the Rakhine and Chin States of Myanmar.

92)Where was the 12th ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting (ADMM) meeting held on 19th October 2018?

1)  China
2)  Singapore
3)  Malaysia

4)  India

5)  None of these Answer – 2) Singapore
Explanation:

On October 19, 2018, Defence Minister Smt Nirmala Sitharaman attended the 12th ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting (ADMM) in Singapore. Singapore hosted and chaired the meet for the second time since its establishment in 2006. The conference was attended by defence ministers from Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Russia and the US.

93)United Arab Emirates (UAE) and which country are conducting a two-week military exercise named “Iron Magic 19” in the Arabian Gulf, from 21st October 2018 to November 1, 2018?
1)  United States
2)  Japan
3)  Russia
4)  Egypt
5)  None of these

Answer – 1) United States
Explanation:

On 21st October 2018, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the United States (US) started a two-week military exercise named “Iron Magic 19” in the Arabian Gulf. Iron Magic 19 will be held till November 1, 2018. It is part of a series of joint military exercises throughout the year between the UAE armed forces and the armed forces of other countries. This exercise aims to enhance cooperation, joint actions and exchange of expertise in military areas. A major part of UAE military hardware, like F-16 fighter jets, Mirage jets and Apache Longbow attack helicopters, are manufactured by companies from the US, Britain and France.

94)Syndicate Bank announced capital infusion of _____ crore from the government in lieu of preferential allotment of shares, on 23rd October 2018?
1)  Rs 728 crore
2)  Rs 657 crore
3)  Rs 890 crore
4)  Rs 450 crore
5)  None of these

Answer – 1) Rs 728 crore
Explanation:

On October 23, 2018, Public sector Syndicate Bank announced capital infusion of Rs 728 crore from the government in lieu of preferential allotment of shares. The government in its October 17th order issued that it would infuse Rs 728 crore to Syndicate Bank against preferential allotment of equity shares during 2018-19. On October 22 the bank had received the amount and kept it in Syndicate Bank Share Application Money.

95)Who was conferred with the Maharshi Valmiki Jayanti Award on the occasion of Valmiki Jayanti, in Bengaluru, on 24th October 2018?
1)  HD Deve Gowda
2)  S Ramakrishnan
3)  Bhagat Singh
4)  Rahul Srivatsava
5)  None of these

Answer – 1) HD Deve Gowda
Explanation:

On 24th October 2018, former Prime Minister HD Deve Gowda will be conferred with the Maharshi Valmiki Jayanti Award on the occasion of Valmiki Jayanti, in Vidhana Soudha, Bengaluru, Karnataka. HD Deve Gowda is awarded for his contribution to the welfare of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes communities. The award will be given by Karnataka Chief Minister HD Kumaraswamy. HD Deve Gowda will not be available to receive the award as he will be travelling to London. HD Deve Gowda was born on May 18, 1933. He served as the 11th Prime Minister of India from June 1, 1996 to April 21, 1997. He was also the 14th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996.

96)Name the person who won the 7th term as President of Cameroon, on 23rd October 2018?

1)  Paul Biya
2)  Maurice Kamto
3)  Mike Douglas
4)  Ramsus Alise

5)  None of these Answer – 1) Paul Biya
Explanation:

On 23rd October 2018, Paul Biya, won the 7th term as President of Cameroon. Paul Biya has been ruling Cameroon since 1982. He is 85 years old. He had won 71.3 % of the ballot in the presidential election held on October 7, 2018. His rival Maurice Kamto came second with 14.2 % of the vote.

97)Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved creation of special Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF) with an estimated fund of ____ rupees, on 24th October 2018?
1)  Rs.7,522 crore
2)  Rs.6,788 crore
3)  Rs.2,389 crore
4)  Rs.8,678 crore
5)  None of these.

Answer – 1) Rs.7,522 crore
Explanation:

On October 24, 2018, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi approved creation of special Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF). It will have an estimated fund size of Rs.7,522 crore. It will be comprised of:

  Rs.5,266.40 croreto be raised by the Nodal Loaning Entities (NLEs),
  Rs. 1,316.6 crorebeneficiaries contribution and
  Rs.939.48 crorebudgetary support from the Government of India.

98)International Conference on Status and Protection of Coral Reefs (STAPCOR – 2018) was held at Bangaram coral Island of which state/union territory on 22nd to 24th October 2018?
1)  Andaman and Nicobar
2)  Lakshadweep
3)  Goa
4)  Pondicherry
5)  None of these

Answer – 2) Lakshadweep
Explanation:

On 22nd to 24th October 2018, International Conference on Status and Protection of Coral Reefs (STAPCOR – 2018)was held at Bangaram coral Island of Lakshadweep. The conference was inaugurated by the Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Dr. Harsh Vardhan. Theme for the conference was: “Reef for Life”. Nearly 150 delegates from India and other countries participated. The conference was organized by: Department of Environment and Forest, Union Territory of Lakshadweep Administrationwith technical support of Zoological Survey of India and in association with Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, IUCN, ENVIS, following the declaration of 2018 as 3rd decadal International year of Reefs.

99)Who has been named the recipient of the 2018 Seoul Peace Prize?

1)  Narendra Modi
2)  Emmanuel Macron
3)  Vladimir Putin
4)  Justin Trudeau
5)  None of these
Answer – 1) Narendra Modi
Explanation:

The Seoul Peace Prize Committee has decided to confer the 2018 Seoul Peace Prize on Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is conferred this award in recognition of his efforts to improve international cooperation, global economic growth, Human Development of people of India, economic growth in the world’s fastest growing large economy and development of democracy through anti-corruption and social integration
efforts. He was chosen from more than 1300 nominators from across the world. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is the 14th recipient of this award. He has accepted the award. The award will be presented by the Seoul Peace Prize Foundation at a mutually convenient time.

100)Name the AI powered customer service app launched by Life Insurer PNB Metlife, on 24th October 2018?
1)  Khushi
2)  Neo

3)  ConnetNow
4)  Swathi

5)  None of these Answer – 1) Khushi

Explanation:

On October 24, 2018, Life Insurer PNB Metlife launched AI powered customer service app called ‘Khushi’. It has been designed by PNB Metlife’s innovation centre- Lumer Lab in Singapore. It is designed to be a one-stop shop for insurance related information anytime, anywhere. It will provide interaction with the customers via text and speech. It can also work as branch locator and can arrange a call with the customer representatives on request. Over all it will work as a customer assistant and will use minimum bandwidth.

101)Which state government introduced the ‘Pashu Sanjeevni Sewa’ scheme to provide free of cost health care services to livestock in the state through mobile veterinary clinics, on 25th October 2018?
1)  Punjab
2)  Haryana

3)  Uttar Pradesh
4)  Madhya Pradesh

5)  None of these Answer – 2) Haryana

Explanation:

On October 25, 2018, the Haryana Government introduce the ‘Pashu Sanjeevni Sewa’ scheme to provide free of cost health care services to livestock in the state through mobile veterinary clinics. The decision was taken during a meeting of the animal husbandry and dairy department, under the chairmanship of Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar. The service will be first started in all the blocks of Jind, Yamunanagar and Nuh districts for pilot run. One mobile vehicle would be pressed into service in each block of these 3 districts. Each mobile vehicle would have a three-member team comprising a veterinary doctor, one para vet and one helper-cum-driver.

102)Where was the 2nd International Conference on Primary Health Care (PHC) towards UHC & SDGs, held on 25th and 26th October 2018?
1)  Astana, Kazakhstan
2)  Istanbul, Turkey
3)  New Delhi, India
4)  Kuala Lampur, Malaysia
5)  None of these

Answer – 1) Astana, Kazakhstan
Explanation:

On 25th and 26th October 2018, the 2nd International Conference on Primary Health Care (PHC) towards UHC & SDGs, is held in Astana, Kazakhstan. The conference is cohosted by the Government of Kazakhstan, World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund). The conference aims to renew the commitment to primary health care to achieve universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. J P Nadda, Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare addressed the Second Plenary Session of the conference, on the theme “The Future of Primary Health Care”.


103)Name the professor who has been named for the “Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Teachers Award (2018)”?
1)  Amit Tiwari
2)  Ranjan Gogoi
3)  Ashis Mukherjee
4)  Tushar Raheja
5)  None of these
Answer – 3) Ashis Mukherjee
Explanation:

On October 23, 2018, Indian National Science Academy (INSA) selected Tezpur University professor Ashis Mukherjee for the prestigious “Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Teachers Award (2018)”. He was selected for his consistent and high-level of teaching, and inspiration and mentoring students to take up careers in Science and Technology. He will be conferred the award at the Anniversary General Meeting of the Academy in December 2018. He has also received Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) in Biotechnology from Calcutta University and the Visitor’s (President of India is the visitor of all central universities of India) Award for Research in Basic and Applied Sciences-2018 from the President of India at Rashtrapati Bhawan in New Delhi.

104)Who was appointed the managing director and CEO of Paytm Payments Bank on 25th October 2018?

1)  Shekhar Das
2)  Salim Ali
3)  Satish Kumar Gupta
4)  Arnab Chatterjee
5)  None of these
Answer – 3) Satish Kumar Gupta
Explanation:

On 25th October 2018, Satish Kumar Gupta was appointed managing director and CEO of Paytm Payments Bank. Satish Kumar Gupta replaces Renu Satti, who resigned in July 2018, to head Paytm’s new retail business. Satish Kumar Gupta was former deputy general manager at State Bank of India (SBI). He also served as chief project officer at National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).

105)Who was appointed the next Ambassador of India to the Republic of Union of Myanmar, on 24th October 2018?
1)  Vikram Misri
2)  Ajay Bisaria
3)  Saurabh Kumar
4)  Rajeev Menon
5)  None of these.
Answer – 3) Saurabh Kumar
Explanation:

On 24th October 2018, Saurabh Kumar was appointed the next Ambassador of India to the Republic of Union of Myanmar. Saurabh Kumar is an Indian Foreign Service Officer (IFS) of 1989 batch. At present, he is the Ambassador of India to Iran. He will take up this assignment soon. Saurabh Kumar will succeed Vikram Misri who has been serving as Ambassador of India to Myanmar since 2016. In September 2018, Vikram Misri was appointed the Indian Ambassador to China.

106)Which country won the 2018 Women’s Volleyball World Championship in Yokohama, Japan, on 20th October 2018?
1)  Japan
2)  South Korea
3)  Serbia
4)  Russia

5)  None of these Answer – 3) Serbia
Explanation:

Serbia women’s volleyball team beat the Italian team 3:2 in a grand finale of the Volleyball Women’s World Championship in Yokohama, Japan, on 20th October 2018. Serbia won the Volleyball Women’s World Championship title for the first time.

107)Where was the 11th Global Agriculture Summit 2018 held on 24th and 25th October 2018?

1)  Mumbai
2)  New Delhi
3)  Kolkata
4)  Chennai

5)  None of these Answer – 2) New Delhi
Explanation:

On October 25, 2018, the 2-day 11th Global Agriculture Summit 2018 concluded in New Delhi. It aimed to provide the platform towards facilitating farmers connect with the technologies, markets, industry, institutions and the Governmental programs. The Global Summit and Award ceremony was organized by Indian Council of Food and Agriculture (ICFA) with support of Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Ministry of Food Processing Industries and Ministry of Commerce. It was inaugurated by Secretary Agriculture and Co-operation, Sanjay Agrawal. The theme of the summit was: ‘Connecting Farmers to Market’.

108)Where was the 20th Water, Energy, Technology, and Environment Exhibition (WETEX) 2018 held from 23rd to 25th October 2018?
1)  Tokyo, Japan
2)  Dubai, United Arab Emirates
3)  New Delhi, India
4)  Moscow, Russia
5)  None of these
Answer – 2) Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Explanation:

On 23rd to 25th October 2018, the 20th Water, Energy, Technology, and Environment Exhibition (WETEX) 2018 was held at Dubai International Convention and Exhibition Centre, in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. WETEX is organized by Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) every year. It is held under the directives of HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai. It is conducted under the patronage of HH Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Deputy Ruler of Dubai, Minister of Finance and President of DEWA. WETEX 2018 is the largest edition in the 20 year-history of WETEX. It was held under the umbrella of the Green Week, in conjunction with the 3rd Dubai Solar Show, and the 5th World Green Economy Summit (WGES). It displayed latest solutions in conventional and renewable energy, water, sustainability, and conservation.

109)India and which country signed several agreements for enhancing inland and coastal waterways connectivity between the two countries for trade and cruise movements, on 25th October 2018?
1)  Bangladesh
2)  Sri Lanka

3)  Nepal
4)  Pakistan

5)  None of these Answer – 1) Bangladesh

Explanation:

On October 25, 2018, India and Bangladesh signed several agreements for enhancing inland and coastal waterways connectivity between the two countries for trade and cruise movements. The MOUs were signed by: Shipping Secretary Shri Gopal Krishna, and his Bangladesh counterpart Shri Md. Abdus Samadin. The MOUs are as follows:

• To use Chattogram and Mongla Ports in Bangladesh for movement of goods to and from India,

• ‘Protocol on Inland Water Transit and Trade’ (PIWTT) between India and Bangladesh for inclusion of Dhubriin India and Pangaonin Bangladesh as new Ports of Call,

• Inclusion of Rupnarayanriver (National Waterway-86) from Geonkhali to Kolaghat in the protocol route,
• Declare Kolaghat in West Bengal and Chilmari in Bangladesh as new Port of Call,

• Declare Badarpur on river Barak (NW 16) as an Extended Port of Call of Karimganj in Assam and Ghorasal of Ashuganj in Bangladesh.

110)Where did NATO’s (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Trident Juncture 2018 military exercise begin on 25th October 2018?
1)  Russia
2)  Netherland
3)  Norway
4)  China

5)  None of these Answer – 3) Norway
Explanation:

On 25th October 2018, NATO’s (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Trident Juncture 2018 military exercise began in Norway. This is NATO’s biggest military exercise since the Cold War. Trident Juncture 2018, will be held till November 7, 2018. Nearly 50,000 personnel from all 29 NATO allies, partners Finland and Sweden, are taking part. Around 65 vessels, 150 aircraft and 10,000 vehicles are taking part. The drill will be conducted in central and eastern Norway, the North Atlantic and the Baltic Sea. It aims to train the Alliance to mobilise quickly to defend an ally under attack. Russia, which shares a border with Norway, was invited to monitor the exercise, but Moscow is still angered by the exercise.
                                                                                ..........to be continued..................

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